Conservation payments lead to improvement in environmental quality only if farmers and ranchers who receive them adopt conservation practices that would not have been adopted without the payment. When a voluntary payment causes a change in practice(s) that lead(s) to improved environmental...

This paper examines whether the economic crisis induced by the COVID-19 pandemic exhibits a Schumpeterian "cleansing" of less productive firms. Using firm-level data for 31 economies, the study finds that less productive firms have a higher probability of permanently closing during the crisis,...

While efforts are currently in place to collect data on the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, this note looks at the experience of the 2008 financial crisis to gain insights on possible differential effects of crises on female and male entrepreneurs. Specially, the note uses...