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This paper investigates the extent to which exam performance at the end of compulsory education has been affected by three major education reforms: the introduction of a quasimarket following the Education Reform Act (1988); the specialist schools initiative introduced in 1994; and the Excellence in...

Social exclusion is an important economic, political and social problem that renders a substantial proportion of the population disadvantaged, disenfranchised and disaffected. Our aim in this empirical paper is to assess how social exclusion arises in the context of labour market transition...

A standard finding in the literature on gender wage gaps is that the public sector exhibits much lower gaps than in the private sector. This finding is generally attributed to the existence of less gender discrimination in the public sector. In this paper we show that this conclusion is flawed...

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Indigenous minority groups in countries such as the US, Canada and Australia are amongst the most disadvantaged minority groups in the de-veloped world. This disadvantage is strongly associated with 'pre-market' factors. This paper examines pre-market disadvantage of indigenous Australians by...

A standard finding in the literature on gender wage gaps is that the public sector exhibits much lower gaps than in the private sector. This finding is generally attributed to the existence of less gender discrimination in the public sector. In this paper we show that this conclusion is flawed...

This empirical paper investigates skill formation in the youth labour market. Using event-history data collected from the administrative records of Lancashire Careers Service, we model skill preferences formed at school by young people and skill destination, ie the occupation of the first...