how to resolve the immediate problem of ‘replacing’ Russian gas for Europe’s demand needs now and for the next few years … TTF in particular, as this hub has for several years now been the most liquid by far in Europe, and has been widely used … shows that the TTF is truly the leading pricing benchmark for North-West Europe and indeed many other European countries …

. When comparing the 2022/23 year on year difference, Europe as a whole had a 40% rise in traded volumes, whilst physical …

Natural gas plays an important role in Europe. It is a bridging technology for the transition of the electricity system … and has also a significant potential to reduce CO2 emission in the mobility and heating sectors. Nevertheless, Europe is … production in Europe also declines. Thus, European import dependency persists. An important supplier of natural gas is Russia …

subsidies, and how changes in Russian gas consumption may affect its gas export to Europe. We also examine the importance of … Russian pipeline capacity to Europe, as well as impacts of hypothetical changes in Russian gas export behavior. For this … purpose, we use a detailed numerical model for the energy markets in Europe and Russia - LIBEMOD. Our results suggest that …