In the interests of providing government policy makers and research managers with an appreciation of the scope, findings, and value of the academic literature, and of facilitating policy making that is informed by evidence, we conduct a systematic review of the recent academic literature on the...

This preliminary investigation into 4th pillar organizations in Canada was commissioned by the Prime Minister’s Advisory Council on Science and Technology in July 2005. It represents a first effort to characterize 4th pillar organizations on a conceptual level and to estimate the nature and...

Government and nonprofit innovation intermediaries that work to enable the innovativeness of firms include R&D performers such as government research institutes, property-based enablers such as science parks and business incubators, technology transfer offices, economic development...