This paper examines whether gold, and gold mining stocks, were an effective hedge during the 2020 global pandemic and 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Prior research suggests that gold’s hedging value is most evident during crisis periods, but none has compared the 2008-2009 and 2020...

China’s rapidly growing role in the world economy has been accompanied by rising bilateral trade with Australia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN group) as well as expanded offshore renminbi (RMB) markets in the region. Using a Markov-switching analysis that allows for...

More than half of the assets in China's banking system are accounted for by four huge state-owned commercial banks. This paper examines the changing factors influencing these banks' lending behavior over the post-1994 period on a province-by-province basis. Determinants include the concentration...