The aim of this article is to apply the concept of external actorness to an analysis of EU energy relations towards Egypt in 1995-2020, with an emphasis on the related potential for strengthening energy security. The external actorness of the EU in its energy relations is based on a set of...

The article explores the EU's energy security discourse regarding Russia during the period of 2010-2021. Three sub-discourses of this discourse are identified: the geopolitical, securitisation and diversification sub-discourses, as the same topics of the relationship are communicated differently...

1. The Eastern neighbouring countries (NCs) can be divided into two groups: one comprised of the countries where ENP’s benefits are (at least rhetorically) acknowledged (Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine) and the other where the ENP is viewed with suspicion and where the Europeanisation drive is...