Variations of bilateral aid flows are difficult to explain on the basis of official development objectives or recipient need. At the example of US aid to Pakistan, this paper suggests alternative political economic explanations, notably the relevance of ethnic lobbying and the relevance of US...

This paper analyzes the determinants of international financial institutions (IFIs)’s lending decisions to Pakistan. At the example of three major IFIs, the World Bank, IMF and ADB, this paper suggests that political economic factors, notably bureaucratic interest of international civil...