Societal theories of trade policy stress the importance of domestic interest groups, whereas statist theories focus on … macroeconomic conditions on trade policy to be weaker in fragmented states than in those characterized by a highly centralized … potent impact on trade policy in democracies than in other regimes, since the electoral constraints facing democratic leaders …

]The WTO system and democratic rights are unexpected bedfellows. The GATT/WTO requires governments to adopt policies … may gradually transfer the skills learned from influencing trade policies to other public issues. Thus, the WTO not only … shows that these issues are discussed during accessions and trade policy reviews. Quantitative analysis examines how members …

To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This … addition to relevant elements of the WTO Agreements, particularly the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the General … Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody …

To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This … addition to relevant elements of the WTO Agreements, particularly the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the General … Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody …

related to these concerns and aspirations. However, servicification and particularly its role in trade policy have received …, historic policymaking divides between trade in manufactures and services, between export and import interests, and among modes …

economic policy. In our empirical analysis, based on an extensive dataset covering most of world trade, we find that GSP tends …

economic policy. In our empirical analysis, based on an extensive dataset covering most of world trade, we find that GSP tends …

liberalization commitments and was subject to review by the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Committee. In her view, the same mechanism …In her paper, Sylvia Ostry argues that if China had joined the GATT, the negotiations would have been far easier since … market access under GATT was mainly about border barriers. But since the Uruguay Round the concept of market access has been …

two-track approach of relying on multilateral liberalization under the GATT/WTO and open regionalism under Asia …'s changing structure of trade, FDI and economy that underlay policy changes. We argue that until the late 1990s Japan adopted a …-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on the one hand and on the bilateral trade relationship with the US on the other. Although the …

The literature has paid very little attention to a potential positive endogenous nexus between trade globalization and … the gravity trade theory, using data from a sample of 134 IMF countries over the pe- riod 1974-1998. An extensive search … shows that trade globalization dampens political liberalization, though political liberalization fosters trade globalization …