responsive to agents' performance. Agents' performance is higher in the presence of goal setting despite weaker incentives. We … incentives and wage-irrelevant goals can be optimal. The pervasive use of non-monetary incentives in the workplace may help … account for previous empirical findings suggesting that firms rely on unexpectedly weak monetary incentives. …

its absence despite weaker incentives. We develop a principal-agent model with reference-dependent utility that … illustrates how labor contracts combining weak monetary incentives and wage-irrelevant goals can be optimal. It follows that … recognizing the pervasive use of non-monetary incentives in the workplace may help account for previous empirical findings …

Whereas economists have made extensive studies of the impact of levels of incentives on behavior, they have paid little … attention to the effects of regularity and frequency of incentives. We contrasted three ways of rewarding participants in a real …

Whereas economists have made extensive studies of the impact of levels of incentives on behavior, they have paid little … attention to the effects of regularity and frequency of incentives. We contrasted three ways of rewarding participants in a real … reinforcement ; ambiguity ; randomness ; incentives ; experiment …

When the assignment of incentives is uncertain, we study how the regularity and frequency of rewards and risk attitudes … show that less able and more risk averse players are less persistent in effort. Intermittent incentives lead to a greater … persistence of effort, while continuous incentives entail exit as soon as payment stops. Randomness increases both earlier and …