This paper uses Engel curves to estimate real income growth in Brazil. The estimated per capita household real income …, implying a marked reduction in "real" inequality. This finding challenges the conventional wisdom that post-reform real income …

estimate the income growth implied by the evolution of food demand and durable good ownership in post-reform Brazil and Mexico … attributed to biases in the price deflator. The estimated unmeasured income gains are higher for poorer households, implying … marked reductions in "real" inequality. These findings challenge the conventional wisdom that post-reform income growth was …

effects of public pensions and credit rationing. These implications are not much affected by whether altruism is assumed or …

public pensions and credit rationing. These implications are not much affected by whether altruism is assumed or not, but …

systemically smaller for Black compared to White families. One hypothesis is that due to the existing structural racism that … costs of upward social mobility for minorities, Black families face more challenges for leveraging their education to escape … poverty. Aims: Using a nationally representative sample of American families with children, this study investigated racial …

systemically smaller for Black compared to White families. One hypothesis is that due to the existing structural racism that … costs of upward social mobility for minorities, Black families face more challenges for leveraging their education to escape … poverty. Aims: Using a nationally representative sample of American families with children, this study investigated racial …

characterized by increased influence from the financial market and extreme economic events using data from the Household Income … Survey. The elderly were not isolated as pensions were cut, full indexation abandoned and taxes increased during Sweden … income of the pensioners fell behind that of workers and relative poverty increased. The analysis shows that the limited …