, and policy restrictions, we consider a range of employment outcomes – including permanent layoffs, which generate large … examine how these employment patterns vary across different states, according to the timing and severity of virus caseloads … economic activity reduce employment rates concurrently, but do not seem to have lingering effects once relaxed. In contrast …

, and policy restrictions, we consider a range of employment outcomes - including permanent layoffs, which generate large … examine how these employment patterns vary across different states, according to the timing and severity of virus caseloads … economic activity reduce employment rates concurrently, but do not seem to have lingering effects once relaxed. In contrast …

nation’s potential output. Boosting employment prospects is also critical, as the country will soon be ageing at a fast pace …Poor labour-market outcomes remain one of Poland’s major structural weaknesses, impeding firms’ competitiveness and the …. Despite long working hours, labour utilisation is only average due to structurally low employment rates, particularly at both …

After the state socialist regime of Poland collapsed in 1989, the nation’s total fertility rate plummeted from 2.1 to … 1.27 by 2007. Simultaneously, Poland severely reduced social service provisions and restricted access to family planning … with small children are decisive in women’s decisions to postpone or forego childbearing. The case of Poland demonstrates …

short employment spell (< 3 months), 10-year survival does not reach 50%. We show that the order of magnitude of workforce …