In the current discussion on the future of CAP after 2020, not much is being said on the issues of real importance for agriculture and rural development in the EU Member States. The EU exposes mainly the passive protection and simplification tasks. No expansion vision is in place. We may assume...

The European Union budget has a number of specific characteristics which make it different from the budgets of the Member States : in principle, it must never be in deficit, and there is a special decision-making procedure. The structure and maximum expenditure are specified for a 7-year period...

An idea of a Trans-Tasman currency, one common between New Zealand and Australia is not something new. The question of New Zealand staying as the smallest industrialized country running an independent monetary policy, adopting the Australian dollar, or creating a hybrid ANZAC dollar with...

Theories of economic integration refer to the benefits of creating a free trade area (trade creation effect, the effect of shifting trade flows). While observing the economic reality, it seems that it is difficult to limit the benefits of integration agreements only to the issues of foreign...

Taking a normative approach this paper identifies and develops basic principles for the good governance of central banks, namely independence, democratic accountability and transparency. In doing so the paper focuses on the arrangements surrounding the primary task of a central bank, i.e. the...

The possible creation of an Asian Economic Zone has been debated quite often in the last years. This is not shared by countries specially attached to the strict dimension of national sovereignty. The worldly trends of globalization and interdependence turn it into an urgency as Asia is required...

This paper suggests some of the ways whereby regional financial and monetary cooperation can be considered as a way West African countries can integrate into the global economy rather than just focusing on individual countries. Prior to the enormous economic deficits that have engulfed most...

This paper assesses national and international responses to tax challenges presented by cross-border electronic commerce. Ten years after these challenges were first identified, a survey of national government reactions shows that many countries have not passed any significant tax legislation or...

On January 1, 1994, Canada, the United States and Mexico formed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to promote their economic interests by lowering barriers to international trade and investment. A concern exists that national tax differences harm or inhibit cross-border investment...

The current research aims to study (marketing agility and its role in the organization’s marketing performance) in the men’s clothing factory in Najaf. The statistical program Spss v.26 and AMOS program v.26 were used for data analysis. The results showed a strong correlation between the...