Der Lohnabstand zwischen Frauen und Männern betrug im Jahr 2007 in Deutschland 23 Prozent. Deutschland weist damit im EU-Vergleich noch immer einen relativ hohen Wert auf. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, welche Indikatoren, Methoden und Daten sich für eine Bestimmung der geschlechtsspezifischen...

This paper studies risk-taking by European banks. We construct a measure of risk-taking which relates changes in three month ahead expected credit standards for several non-financial private sector categories to risk of the macroeconomic environment banks operate in to reflect whether credit...

This paper investigates in how far monetary policy shocks impact Euro- pean asset markets, conditional on different risk states. It focuses on four different asset classes: equity of industrial firms, equity of banks, high-grade corporate bonds, and high-yielding corporate bonds. We distinguish...

This paper advocates the cautious and constitutional evolution of existing basic income schemes ("unemployment benefit II") and Targeted Negative Income Tax (TNIT = "Einstiegsgeld") into a means-tested combi-wage model for the future long-term unemployed (gradualism strategy). The paper argues...