compared with the highest income quintiles, whereas in Finland, Germany and Spain more lone mothers in the low-income quintiles … the income packages of lone mothers, 2) the proportion of lone mothers receiving child maintenance and the level of child … covers data from five countries: Finland, Germany, Spain, UK and the USA. Our results show that in all countries except the …

.e. labor market earnings losses after child birth. This study analyses the long run effects of a German paid parental leave … the fact that only mothers whose child is born in or after July 2015 are eligible for the new part-time PL option in a … Difference-in-Differences strategy. We find that the policy increased the probability that high income mothers return to work …

subsidised or free childcare for very young children, could help reduce the motherhood penalty. However, such policies are likely … labour market dimensions. Gender inequalities are further aggravated among people with children. Women with children under 16 … are much more likely to be unemployed, work part-time or on temporary contracts than men with children of the same age. We …

benefits also reduce take-up of paid leave by mothers, lower the chances of having further children, and have no impact on … available to high-earning women after their first childbirth on subsequent within-couple earnings inequality. Lower benefit … amounts result in a reduced earnings gap that persists beyond the benefit period for at least nine years after the birth. The …

’ earnings. This result is explained by a reduction in employment and a prompting shift towards occupations that favor more …We assess whether motherhood could be the last hurdle to achieving gender equality in developing countries by exploring … the link between motherhood and the overall gender gap in the labor market for 14 Latin American countries over the last …

Why do women experience a persistent drop in labor earnings upon becoming mothers, i.e. a "child penalty"? We study a … between mothers and similar women with no children. Mothers send 12.2% fewer job applications and are more selective regarding … applications are sent and highlight differences in the timing of job search. We find that mothers' rate of applications decreases …