Decisions under ambiguity depend on the beliefs regarding possible scenarios and the attitude towards ambiguity. This paper exclusively focuses on beliefs, and beliefs are measured independently from attitudes, in contrast to many previous studies. We use laboratory experiments to estimate the...

This paper investigates beliefs in an ambiguous environment. In contrast to many previous studies, the beliefs regarding possible scenarios are measured independently from attitudes. We use laboratory experiments to estimate the entire distribution of subjective beliefs and examine how beliefs...

We study belief updating about relative performance in an ego-relevant task. Manipulating the perceived ego-relevance of the task, we show that subjects update their beliefs optimistically because they derive direct utility flows from holding positive beliefs. This finding provides a behavioral...