Keeping up with rapid technological change necessitates constant innovation. Successful innovation depends on both … implement them. Both of these knowledge-based elements of innovation can be attained through moderate labor force turnover in … innovation within a multivariate regression framework. However, when instrumenting training by the existence of a union …

establishment data on various aspects of training practices and innovation activities in Germany, the paper examines the degree … works councils as an instrument for a firm’s total training activities that correlate with innovation, and weak support when … we consider only generalized training and innovation. Finally, no significant relation is found between training …