Remittances have historically been a stable source of funding which has played a key role in the development efforts of many nations worldwide. As a consequence of the Covid crisis and the lockdown measures imposed to counteract the spread of the disease, the World Bank estimated a drop of 20%...

Using loan-level data covering two-thirds of all corporate loans from U.S. banks, we document that SMEs (i) obtain much shorter maturity credit lines than large firms; (ii) have less active maturity management and therefore frequently have expiring credit; (iii) post more collateral on both...

While regulatory capital buffers are expected to be drawn to absorb losses and meet credit demand during crises, this paper shows that banks were unwilling to do so during the pandemic. To the contrary, banks engaged in forms of pro-cyclical behaviour to preserve capital ratios. By employing...