multiplying cartel infringement by the reciprocal of the probability of detection and punishment. When we factor in expected … personal benefits. In theory, deterrence to participate in cartel activities must be based both on the incentives of firms as a …Hardcore cartels that make agreements on quantities, prices, or areas, risk receiving both administrative fines from …

sanctions as punishment under EC cartel law. It examines the traditional rationales of criminal punishment, demonstrating their … personal criminal sanction for cartel activity is necessary if one genuinely wishes to enforce the law in this area. More … whether to criminalise certain (cartel) behaviour. This principled criminalisation framework is then employed to argue that a …

While price-fixing cartel prosecutions have received significant attention, the policy determinants and the political ….S. antitrust cartel prosecutions during the period 1969-2013. This period has seen substantive policy innovations with increasing … penalties related to fines and jail terms. There appear to be four distinct cartel policy regimes: pre-1978, 1978-1992, 1993 …