The evolving macroeconomic landscape, shaped by the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, poses significant challenges for economies worldwide. However, Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European (CESEE) countries have demonstrated resilience and rapid recovery during crises,...

This paper aims to construct a bi-directional, financial liberalization index for Pakistan by considering various financial policy indicators (reforms). This study, by employing the principal component analysis method over a period of 1980-2018 (39 years), aims to determine the composite outcome...

Given the high resilience of the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) banking sectors during the last financial crisis and their major role in the CEE region in financing the economy and supporting the high growth rates achieved there, our paper investigates the determinants of banking profitability...

Purpose: Some empirical findings of the role of foreign direct investment (FDIs) in a host country’s export performance was found by many researchers, since exports have been for a long time viewed as an engine of economic growth. But exports and imports are inter-correlated and some works...