Banks cut lending to borrowers from regions that experience an increase in abnormal temperature occurrences in the previous year. Banks pursue an active portfolio rebalancing strategy for their farm loan portfolios among counties with high market shares to avoid loan losses from borrowers’...

The purpose of this study is to understand key issues in India’s Economy, prevalent before Covid-19 as well as arising after the Pandemic. It aims to cover four topics in detail namely India’s international trade focussing on declining trend in exports, Farm loan waivers, Unemployment...

The achievements of the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics are adapted and a holistic approach to the definition, classification, evaluation, and improvement of contracts and contractual relations is justified. Specificity of the economic study of agrarian contracts is summarized and...

The paper presents the results of a large-scale study on the structure, factors, and evolution of contractual relations of Bulgarian farms, including the management of the supply of natural, material, biological, financial, and human resources, short-term assets, services, innovations, risk...

Through a large-scale representative survey of farm managers, the main types of contractual and other forms of governance applied by Bulgarian farms in the supply of the necessary land and water for irrigation, labor, services, short-term and long-term assets and innovations, finance, in risk...

This paper incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and suggests a holistic framework for analysis of agrarian contracts. First, it specifies type and importance of...

This paper explores how the People’s Republic of China (PRC) can turn the challenges posed by the current global economic crisis into opportunities for a more prosperous future. The paper proposes a one-time sharp increase of government investments in the country’s successful albeit...

In many other countries, there are no comprehensive systems for assessment of the governance sustainability of agriculture and its importance for the overall agrarian development. This study tries to fill the gap and suggests a holistic framework for understanding and assessing the governance...

A need to include “the fourth” Governance pillar in the concept for understanding and the assessment system of (overall and) agrarian sustainability is increasingly justified in academic literature and finds place in the frameworks of government, international, private, etc. organizations In...

The importance of “good governance” for achieving agrarian sustainability has been increasingly studied in the last two decades. What has been a recent development is the inclusion of governance into (agrarian) sustainability as a new “fourth” pillar. Still there is no consensus on: what...