The question of fairness is currently in the spotlight in discussions around artificial intelligence (AI). As AI is increasingly adopted in the banking sector, it is important for enablers to ensure that AI-deployed decisions respect fundamental rights, including equality rights, both legally...

While it is by no means a new trading strategy, short selling has attracted considerable attention on the part of regulators and the public over the last decade. In the midst of the financial crisis, securities markets regulators across the world imposed temporary bans or constraints on short...

The impact of regulatory competition on the evolution of corporate law has generated an intense and long lasting debate in the United States. Although both federal and provincial legislators can enact corporate statutes which can be used by firms across the country, Canadian corporate law has...

In Canadian business law, directors have a duty to act in the best interest of the corporation, which includes the duty to assess, fairly and equitably, the impact of the corporation”s actions and decisions on its stakeholders.But which of the stakeholders' expectations should be taken into...

This Report prepared for the XIXth International Congress of Comparative Law analyses the protection of minority investors and the compensation of their losses in Canada. Focusing on publicly-traded corporations, it examines more specifically the legal regimes that deal with false and misleading...

An income trust is an entity whose securities entitle the holder to the net cash flows generated by an underlying business or income-producing property owned by the trust or another entity. Income trusts are reportedly more tax efficient than common equity firms. Following what some observers...

Stock exchanges are an important determinant of the competitiveness of Canadian capital markets. Regulators have recognized this fact when they have approved the consolidation of Canadian stock exchanges in 1999. The specialization of stock exchanges purported to enable them to cater more...

In the wake of the financial crisis, Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) have been criticized for having played a significant role in the market turmoil. Numerous reports have identified failures on the part of CRAs that have affected the quality and integrity of the rating process. In light of the...

The credit crisis that started in the American mortgage subprime market in 2007 is having profound social and economic consequences. In this context, lawmakers, regulators, and commentators have questioned the role of rating agencies in the market turmoil. In light of the critiques, a strong...

This article uses the Canadian environment, where French civil law in the province of Quebec coexists with common law in the rest of Canada (denoted as bijural), to test the thesis of the neutrality of the legal system with regard to financial reporting quality. This single-country design allows...