Business managers strive to attain the optimal capital structure (OCS), which allows them to raise capital at a minimal cost, thereby maximising their returns. Balancing risk and reward is crucial in determining the target capital structure. Therefore, understanding the optimal leverage ratio...

The recent spate of global crises, including Covid-19 pandemic, Russia-Ukraine war and the Sri Lankan crisis, have hindered the economic growth of almost all nations. The prevailing economic downturn has forced many organizations to assess their financial future and the possibility of financial...

Despite the diverse and developed nature of twentieth century U.S. and Canadian financial markets, the history of both economies is replete with claims of inefficiency and inadequacy among financial intermediaries, particularly the banking sectors. In Canada it has been argued that banks were...

Set in India in 2009, the case is about Tata Steel Ltd (TSL), a global top ten steel producer. TSL's launch of a convertible bond offering in exchange for its convertible alternative reference securities issued in 2007 was in response to shifts in environmental factors. An analysis of the offer...