active innovators. But patents were not easly granted in response to these applications (only 3% of them led to valid patent … inventive step requirement for obtaining a European patent, it should have technical features for solving a sufficiently … applicants to overcome in order to obtain a financial exchange patent in Europe …

Recent work suggests that Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) — or “patent trolls” — are a new form of financial … intermediary. According to this view, individual patent holders are unable to contract with large manufacturers because they lack … the financial resources necessary to litigate against infringement. Since individual patent holders are heterogeneous in …

intensity. Looking ahead, three factors suggest the patent system may affect financial services as it has electronics: (1) the …

other types of mechanisms in regulatory laws that provide patent-like protection or further strengthen existing patent … drug companies: data exclusivity and patent linkage. As noted in earlier chapters (separately posted on SSRN), not all … competition, a thorough understanding of these requirements (as well as how they intersect with patent protection) is important to …

The patent law regimes of the United States and Europe are ambiguous regarding whether or not the subject matter of … defining technology; and it confounds contemporary decision-making by patent offices on the patentability of inventions and by … physical in order to be technical. Despite such ambiguity, patent law throughout the world is arguably founded on the idea that …

The U.S. has been under pressure to abandon the unique first-to-invent feature of its patent law for awarding patents … innovation. We evaluate this argument in a dynamic stochastic model of a patent race. The result generally supports the …

Article I USPTO’s patent invalidation power. A number of these challenges remain pending today. This article addresses several …

controversial changes to its patent policy. The changes include a recommended method of calculation of FRAND royalty rates, and a … request to members holding a standard essential patent (SEP) to forego their right to seek an injunction except under limited … discussing the role of patent policies of Standard-Setting Organizations (SSO) and the rules and principles applicable to the …

Between 1980 and 2001, the United States Patent and Trademark Office awarded over 8,000 patents on genes and genetic … to a variety of issues, including their relatively recent arrival into the patent realm, their grant of exclusivity over … factors, dealing directly with the application of patent laws, and policy factors, implicating problems of access, cost, and …

between the propensity to jointly own a patent and proximity in the product market; b) joint patents are associated with less …