This CERRE Policy Report makes recommendations, on the basis of the most recent academic literature, to improve EU consumer protection rules for digital services. Digital services are defined broadly and cover the main current legal categories, i.e. the information society services, the...

Acquisitions of nascent competitors by digital gatekeepers are often not covered by EU (or sometimes national) merger laws because they fall below the thresholds that trigger a duty to notify, hence there is a merger gap. After outlining the competition concerns and the legislative activities...

This paper presents a legal and economic analysis of business-to-business (B2B) data markets. It starts from the economic characteristics of data and explores to what extent private B2B data markets result in a socially optimal degree of data sharing, or whether there are market failures in data...