Today’s technology allows firms to personalise their interaction with consumers to an unprecedented degree, leading to an ever finer-grained segmentation of consumers. Targeted online advertising and online price discrimination are amongst the most salient examples of this development. While...

In information societies, operations, decisions and choices previously left to humans are increasingly delegated to algorithms, which may advise, if not decide, about how data should be interpreted and what actions should be taken as a result. More and more often, algorithms mediate social...

In October 2016, the White House, the European Parliament, and the UK House of Commons each issued a report outlining their visions on how to prepare society for the widespread use of AI. In this article, we provide a comparative assessment of these three reports in order to facilitate the...

Online behavioural advertising (‘OBA’) relies on inferential analytics to target consumers based on data about their online behaviour. While the technology can improve the matching of adverts with consumers’ preferences, it also poses risks to consumer welfare as consumers face offer...

In its attempt to better regulate the platform economy, the European Commission recently proposed a Digital Markets Act (DMA) and a Digital Services Act (DSA). While the DMA addresses worries about digital markets not functioning properly, the DSA is concerned with societal harms stemming from...

Governments, international organisations, corporations, and other institutions around the globe are drawing up frameworks for ‘trustworthy’ Artificial Intelligence (AI). This effort follows an explicit strategic premise: raise the trustworthiness of AI and people will trust it more, thus use...