Purpose – Two stylized facts emerge from cash flow literature. One explores the link between free cash flow (FCF) to firm value (Jensen, 1986) and establishes that FCF increases firm value. The other posits FCF may be value decreasing as firms tend to over invest when there is high level of...

This paper investigates the impact of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) on managers' earnings management choices (i.e., accrual management and real earnings management). Specifically, I investigate whether firms reduce their use of accrual management and increase their use of real earnings management...

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangibles (FASB 2001) altered the treatment of goodwill by replacing the systematic amortization of goodwill with impairment testing. This change affected earnings in two ways by requiring many firms to take sizable...