In December 2020, new regulation of digital markets was proposed by European Commission. It specifically addresses main concerns raised by business behavior of operators of core services in their gatekeeping positions. However, voice assistants (or digital personal assistants, DPAs, e.g. Apple's...

The effects of mergers on the media marketplace have historically failed to live up to dire predictions. Mergers are often a response to technological upheaval and turbulence in the media industry and firms should be allowed to experiment with such alternative business models with the intent on...

We present a model of a market failure based on a requirement provision by digital platforms in the acquisition of personal information from users of other products/services. We establish the economic harm from the market failure and the requirement using traditional antitrust methodology....

The marginal cost of a good is not usually a relevant factor when crafting intellectual property policy. Marginal costs estimates are based on models of static efficiency, not dynamic efficiency, which is more relevant to policymakers.Profit margins on goods must be high enough to both support...

We discuss how the acquisition of private information by default without compensation by digital platforms such as Google and Facebook creates a market failure and can be grounds for antitrust enforcement. To avoid the market failure, the default in the collection of personal information has to...

Historically South Africa has favoured incumbents/national champions over rivalry (competition) in the telecommunications sector. However, the importance of competition has become more apparent with each new development in the sector. Given the changes in this dynamic sector it is important to...

The digital economy is at the forefront of the agenda of decisionmakers worldwide following several expert reports on competition in digital markets, underscoring competition issues. The question shifts then from why to how to adapt competition to the digital economy. Digital competition and...

The digital economy has brought new business models that rely on zero-price markets and multi-sided platforms that exploit broad business ecosystems. The traditional concept of market power used by competition authorities cannot engage with this new reality, which is more multidimensional than...

One of the most profound changes in the industrial landscape in the last decade has been the growth of business ecosystems- groups of connected firms, drawing on (digital) platforms which leverage their complementors and lock-in their customers, exploiting the “bottlenecks” that emerge in...