This report provides an analysis of the 2022 Country Specific Recommendations (CSRs) made by the Council, on a proposal by the Commission, concerning social and labour policies. Account is taken of the main new features of this Semester cycle, notably the integration of the European Semester in...

This paper explores the EU recovery strategy with a specific focus on its potentially transformative aspects vis-à-vis European integration and on its implications for the social dimension of the EU's socio-economic governance. It aims, in particular, to provide a reflection on whether the...

Besides straining international, regional and national employment status classification models, digital labour platforms are pioneering new strategies and approaches in terms of algorithmic management, digital surveillance, remote work and cross-border outsourcing, which are increasingly being...

Policy considerations:• EU competition law imposes limits on the scope of collective labour law, as it precludes self-employed workers from collective bargaining .• There is a rising number of self-employed workers whose livelihood are characterised by increasing precariousness and whose...

Policy implications• The Action Plan on the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) and the Porto Social Summit have created a momentum for the enhancement of the social dimension of the European Union(EU), but, so far, without much to show by way of innovation.• The EU should further expand...

In the coming months, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) will reach a decision on the case European Public Service Union (EPSU) and Goudriaan v Commission (C-928/19 P), which could be crucial for the future of the EU social dialogue. The EPSU case initially originated from the Commission’s...

This publication provides an overview of the CSRs in the field of employment and social policies and an update of previous ETUI research on the subject. This year’s CSRs present substantial novelties compared to the previous European Semester cycles. A first set of new elements derives from...

Originally, anchoring labour rights to the existence of a personal relationship of subordination was functional to prevent the greater bargaining strength of the employed being disproportionately reflected in the terms and conditions regulating the provision of labour. This does not seem anymore...