-run supply of bank credit. As U.S. bond rates have fallen, the pass-through of monetary shocks to loan and deposit rates has … weakened while the spread on U.S. bank loans has risen. I build a model in which banks earn deposit and loan spreads, deposits … dampened at low rates, because deposit spreads act as a better hedge for bank equity against unexpected monetary shocks. In the …

products. We find that a bank’s operational efficiency is priced in bank loan rates and alters interest-setting behavior … frontier analysis to comprehensively capture cost efficiency, we take the bank customers’ perspective and demonstrate the … ; bank efficiency ; cost efficiency ; stochastic frontier analysis …