policy interventions that occurred after the Kobe earthquake that hit Japan in 1995 as a natural experiment inducing …This paper aims to identify the causal effect of schooling on youth crime. To identify the causal effect, I use the … earthquake damage but with and without the policy interventions, I find that a higher high school participation rate reduces …

policy interventions that occurred after the Kobe earthquake that hit Japan in 1995 as a natural experiment inducing …This paper aims to identify the causal effect of schooling on youth crime. To identify the causal effect, I use the … earthquake damage but with and without the policy interventions, I find that a higher high school participation rate reduces …

related to the activity of organized crime, as homicide, extortion, drug-trafficking or usury. Petty crimes are estimated to …, the signaling role of the policy, and other forms of social control) rather than induced by organized crime itself. …