EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the results of applying the VAT gap estimation methodology of the Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program (RA-GAP) to South Africa for the period 2007–12. The methodology employs a top-down approach for estimating the potential VAT base, using...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Improving fiscal transparency has been a priority in the Philippines over recent years. The government’s public financial management reform strategy has helped initiate a wide variety of reforms, which are beginning to bear fruit. In light of this, the evaluation against the...

The legal framework for PFM in Zambia is fragmented, and much of it is outdated—falling short of capturing both recently introduced reforms and internationally accepted practices. The government has prioritized a revision of the existing legal framework for PFM and national development...

This Technical Assistance report reviews the reforms undertaken by the Government of Malaysia for strengthening outcome-based budgeting (OBB). OBB builds on the previous output-based modified budgeting system, which was in place for more than two decades. OBB aims to improve the efficiency, the...

This issue of the Fiscal Monitor examines the conduct of fiscal policy under the uncertainty caused by dependence on natural resource revenues. It draws on extensive past research on the behavior of commodity prices and their implications for macroeconomic outcomes, as well as on extensive IMF...

This paper discusses key findings and recommendations of the Technical Assistance Report on Optimal Reform and Distributional Analysis of the Personal Income Tax (PIT). With regard to reforming the PIT schedule, it recommends that the basic credit be increased and made fully refundable to all...

This Technical Assistance report on Iceland discusses that the issue of maintaining alignment with budgets and budgetary reports that are expected to focus on Government Finance Statistics Manual of 2001 (GFSM 2001) indicators. Consolidated 'whole-of-government' financial statements of the...