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Pyramids, cross-ownership, rings and other complex features inducing control tunnelling are frequent in the European and Asian industrial world. Based on the matrix methodology, this paper offers a model for measuring integrated ownership and threshold-based control, applicable to any group of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011011600
Pyramids, cross-ownership, rings and other complex features are frequent in the European and Japanese industrial world. The dissection of these structures requires a proper measurement of indirect shareholdings. While some authors use the (generally overestimated) data coming from legal...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005357838
Pyramids, cross-ownership, rings and other complex features inducing control tunnelling are frequent in the European and Asian industrial world. Based on the matrix methodology, this paper offers a model for measuring integrated ownership and threshold-based control, applicable to any group of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005146712
Pyramids, cross-ownership, rings, and other complex features inducing control tunnelling are frequent in the European and Asian industrial world. Based on the matrix methodology, this paper offers a model for measuring integrated ownership and threshold-based control, applicable to any group of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005094121
Pyramids, cross-ownership, rings and other complex features inducing control tunnelling are frequent in the European and Asian industrial world. Based on the matrix methodology, this paper offers a model for measuring integrated ownership and threshold-based control, applicable to any group of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011058870
managers to cooperatives with female-dominated boards, probably to curb the social orientation of these boards. Overall, gender … is a key factor in considering social performance, but gender interactions appear far more complex than previously …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010968979
period, the MFI does not co-finance projects with mainstream banks and loan size is gender-insensitive. In the second period …, the MFI does co-finance above-ceiling projects with mainstream banks, and we observe a gender gap in loan size. The … results suggest that co-financing leads the originally gender-neutral MFI to import disparate treatment from mainstream banks. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010933836
The unequal treatment of children is not gender neutral from the parent side. Our results show that women try to … symmetry between mothers' and fathers' financial situations leads to the perpetuation of gender inequality through generations. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009293319
officer’s subjectivity is captured through gender bias. Our estimations indeed show subjective gender gap in LS. This gap is …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010865379
period, the MFI does not co-finance projects with mainstream banks and loan size is gender-insensitive. In the second period …, the MFI does co-finance above-ceiling projects with mainstream banks, and we observe a gender gap in loan size. The … results suggest that co-financing leads the originally gender-neutral MFI to import disparate treatment from mainstream banks. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010736404