programmes on firms have rarely been evaluated. Here we examine whether subsidised jobs have contributed to the employment of … annually from 1995-1999. Our results indicate that wage subsidies have increased employment in subsidised firms, but the effect … has not been large enough. Public subsidies appear to substitute private employment expenditure. However, subsidised firms …

level and the chances of finding work. To test the hypothesis one needs to predict urban and rural wage and employment …, better employment prospects in urban areas. Demographic factors may serve to reduce the migration flows in future, but this …