This report analyzes the role of the largest companies in the Finnish economy. According to the results, the ten largest companies in terms of their value added together produce 7,6 % of the Finnish GDP. In addition, these companies generate notable multiplicative effects in the economy....

Euro Area member states have agreed to introduce a structural budget balance target to their national legislation (Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance). However, there exists no commonly agreed methodology to calculate this macroeconomic indicator. This report presents the...

Suhdanneindikaattorit ovat muuttujia, joilla pyritään kuvaamaan ja ennustamaan talouden kehitystä, erityisesti sen käännepisteitä. Indikaattorit perustuvat tyypillisesti esimerkiksi yrityksille tai kuluttajille tehtyihin tiedusteluihin, joiden avulla kerätystä aineistosta lasketaan...

Työssä tutkitaan suhdannevaihteluiden symmetriaa Ruotsin ja sen kauppakumppanien välillä 1800-luvulla. Tutkimuksessa pyritään tuomaan esille ajassa tapahtuvan muutoksen merkitys suhdannevaihteluiden symmetriakehitykselle. Ajassa tapahtuneen muutoksen lisäksi kiinnitetään huomio...

European Union and the United States have decided to start negotiations over a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Among other things, the agreement would include a reduction in trade and investment barriers as well as barriers against participation in public procurement projects. If...

The study analyses the financial framework of the European Union in 2014-2020 and the prospects of Finland in this framework. The study is structured according to budget headlines the most central of which are the natural resources (agriculture and rural development), cohesion (regional and...

The study analyses the price formation and market functionality of the Finnish food chain. A significant portion of the report consists of international comparisons. The main comparison countries are the so-called old EU countries (EU15) of Western Europe, the new EU countries (EU12) and the...

This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole...

Kioton pöytäkirjassa YK:n ilmastosopimukseen määritellään Euroopan unionille kasvihuonepäästöjen tavoitteeksi kahdeksan prosentin vähennys vuoteen 1990 verrattuna. Euroopan unionin sisäisessä taakanjaossa Suomelle sovittu kaavailtu kasvihuonepäästöjen tavoite on nollakasvu vuoteen...