the international comparisons, the price formation of the food chain, degree of concentration, competition, and the …The study analyses the price formation and market functionality of the Finnish food chain. A significant portion of the … significant reason for the high price of foodstuffs in Finland is the high VAT, 2) the price level without VAT was in 2005 a …

The use of traditional industry-level profitability indicators for assessing the state of competition is problematic … for two reasons. First, short-term variation reflects business cycles more than it does the impact of competition policy …. Second, rough industry-level indicators hide different mechanisms that are dependent on competition but may affect …