This brief provides descriptive evidence on completion of multiple higher education degrees in Finland. In the year 2020, there were altogether 7,100 individuals enrolling in higher education who already had higher education degrees. A quarter of them already had more than one higher education...

Family effects on an individual's labor market success have been studied by economists and sociologists. The consensus is that background matters to educational and labor market performance, but it is not clear how and why. I look at indicators of family background and sibling structure,...

This brief provides descriptive evidence on completion of multiple higher education degrees in Finland. In the year 2020, there were altogether 7,100 individuals enrolling in higher education who already had higher education degrees. A quarter of them already had more than one higher education...

Occupational restructuring means that worker skills need to be updated, broadened or totally renewed. This report focuses on persons whose employment prospects have been particularly challenged by occupational restructuring: persons who in the mid-1990s were employed in occupations characterized...

Occupational restructuring means that worker skills need to be updated, broadened or totally renewed. This report focuses on persons whose employment prospects have been particularly challenged by occupational restructuring: persons who in the mid-1990s were employed in occupations characterized...

We study the effects of compulsory military service in Finland on the conscripts' future labour market behaviour. This is measured in three ways: first, the time it takes to complete civil education and the level of education acquired; second, how the conscripts will find employment; and third,...