the Universities Act governing the Finnish higher education system in its entirety. It was originally initiated to provide … mandates (i) to educate, (ii) to conduct academic research, and (iii) to impact societal welfare. The second change is the … establishing and re-enforcing longterm research cooperation between the academia and the Industry. The final change is the …

This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on job market signalling and on education as a job market … importance of relative education as an explanatory variable in a Mincerian- style wage equation. I find the conclusions of this … method to be dependent on the reference group used in defining relative education. Consequently also the second method yields …

is measured in three ways: first, the time it takes to complete civil education and the level of education acquired … further find that longer military service does not prolong the attainment of civil education and does not cause a reduction in …