The use of traditional industry-level profitability indicators for assessing the state of competition is problematic … for two reasons. First, short-term variation reflects business cycles more than it does the impact of competition policy …. Second, rough industry-level indicators hide different mechanisms that are dependent on competition but may affect …

The use of traditional industry-level profitability indicators for assessing the state of competition is problematic … for two reasons. First, short-term variation reflects business cycles more than it does the impact of competition policy …. Second, rough industry-level indicators hide different mechanisms that are dependent on competition but may affect …

-nationality crew agreement does not apply to passenger ships. It is not worthwhile for them to shift to being taxed under the tonnage ….1% sulphur limits for maritime transport will go into effect. In new ships, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions must be … pressure on investments. The EU is considering removing the VAT-free sales status of the internal transport, which would lower …

-nationality crew agreement does not apply to passenger ships. It is not worthwhile for them to shift to being taxed under the tonnage ….1% sulphur limits for maritime transport will go into effect. In new ships, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions must be … pressure on investments. The EU is considering removing the VAT-free sales status of the internal transport, which would lower …

the international comparisons, the price formation of the food chain, degree of concentration, competition, and the …, competition works in Finland just as well in agriculture, the foodstuffs industry and the wholesale and retail trade as it does in … is attributable to higher transport costs than in the comparison countries, 6) in Finland the prices of foodstuffs have …