innovation system. Three virtually simultaneous changes are of special importance. The first is the massive on-going renewal of … foundation of the so-called Strategic Centres for Science, Technology and Innovation (Finnish acronym: SHOK) that aim at … Centres for Science ; Technology and Innovation ; SHOK ; Universities Act ; University Inventions Act ; university technology …

innovation system. Three virtually simultaneous changes are of special importance. The first is the massive on-going renewal of … foundation of the so-called Strategic Centres for Science, Technology and Innovation (Finnish acronym: SHOK) that aim at …

patent applications filed through the European Patenting Office. …This paper reports some experimental results obtained in a study of biotechnology patenting in Finland, particularly by … biotechnology companies. Securing the commercial utilisation of inventions through patenting is highly important in the …