the aspiration to to break the vicious circle between banks and sovereigns. Equally important rationalization is to … more sufficient. If banks become, thanks to large-scale cross-border operations, very large in relation to the economic … size of the home country, the interdependence of the banks and the sovereign increases. The greatest challenge of the …

Central banks have traditionally issued cash to the general public. With digitalisation, banknotes are becoming a … technically outdated payment instrument, and some central banks have explored the possibility of central bank-issued electronic …

export market performance over the last few years is linked to the deterioration of profitability of production in Finland. A … profitability. Wage moderation is necessary for this to happen. On the other hand, the determinants of Finland’s long …

Postal service volumes have diminished and the profitability of postal and courier activities has weakened in Finland … in recent years. The study evaluates the development of the service volumes, profitability and employment of postal and … distribution volumes. The profitability of postal services is not expected to improve until 2020 because the increasing unit costs …

’s profitability with the universal service obligation and without it. The data suggest that the provision of universal letter services … in compliance with the law causes a notable financial burden for Itella. The profitability of the universal service …

associated with better firm profitability in low-tech industries. Participating in a national cluster may be associated with …

The use of traditional industry-level profitability indicators for assessing the state of competition is problematic … profitability in opposite directions. In this analysis both problems are avoided by using firm-level Financial Statement Statistics … sources of industry-level profitability changes have been examined over a long-run period. The findings provide support to the …