Municipal employees and private-sector employees in Finland belong to separate earnings-related pension systems. Both systems are financed by contributions from the payroll, and are mostly pay-as-you-go. Thus if a municipality decides to buy services from the private sector, instead of producing...

This study simulates with two dynamic models the macroeconomic and public finance outcomes of a reduction in the corporate income tax rate in Finland. FOG-model is a dynamic CGE model, which is calibrated to the Finnish economy. NiGEM is a multi-country macroeconometric model. The results show...

This study examines the allocation of business subsidies introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic to different types of companies. The results show that most of the supported companies would not have needed the subsidy, as they would have remained profitable also in the absence of it....

This study examines the allocation of business subsidies introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic to different types of companies. The results show that most of the supported companies would not have needed the subsidy, as they would have remained profitable also in the absence of it....

This report reviews economic literature on collective bargaining systems. The studies studying the association of collective bargaining systems and employment, productivity ja wages can not establish causality and the literature is quite thin. The existing results show that coordinated systems...

Perhevapaiden vaikutuksesta miesten ja naisten välisiin palkkaeroihin tiedetään hyvin vähän. Tässä katsauksessa pureudutaan empiiriseen kirjallisuuteen koskien perhevapaiden vaikutusta naisten ura- ja palkkakehitykseen. Suomalaisen empiirisen tutkimustiedon puuttuessa, tässä...

This report reviews economic literature on collective bargaining systems. The studies studying the association of collective bargaining systems and employment, productivity ja wages can not establish causality and the literature is quite thin. The existing results show that coordinated systems...

This study analyses the adjustment of the Finnish earnings-related pension system to very low economic growth. The results show that a permanently lower growth rate of the wage bill would raise only moderately the pension contribution rates in the long term. This is because also the benefits are...