This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on job market signalling and on education as a job market … signal. Possible economic implications of educational job market signalling to an individual and the society are represented … based on existing theories. The paper also reviews central methods in empirical testing of the signalling …

the international comparisons, the price formation of the food chain, degree of concentration, competition, and the …, competition works in Finland just as well in agriculture, the foodstuffs industry and the wholesale and retail trade as it does in … from the standpoint of competition and consumer choice; the position of small producers can best be improved by fostering …

The use of traditional industry-level profitability indicators for assessing the state of competition is problematic … for two reasons. First, short-term variation reflects business cycles more than it does the impact of competition policy …. Second, rough industry-level indicators hide different mechanisms that are dependent on competition but may affect …