The aim of this study is to give an overview of recent developments in Belgium's direct investment relations with the rest of the world. The analysis is based mainly on two sets of statistics drawn up by the National Bank of Belgium, namely, data on direct investment flows from the balance of...

This paper investigates theoretically and empirically firms' productivity ranking among traditional horizontal foreign direct investment (HFDI), pure platform FDI (PFDI), and complex platform FDI (CFDI). Using data on Japanese outward FDI, we define firms conducting HFDI or PFDI as those...

Over the past century, the institution of capital and the process of its accumulation have been fundamentally transformed. By contrast, the theories that explain this institution and process have remained largely unchanged. The purpose of this paper is to address this mismatch. Using a broad...

Using a simple theoretical model, this paper argues that an increase in foreign presence, which refers to the level of foreign investment in a given domestic firm, can affect the leverage of domestic firms. We apply the model to explore the link between foreign presence and leverage with firm...