One apparent reason for deferring a decision – abstaining from choosing, leaving the decision open to be taken by someone else, one’s later self, or nature – is for lack of sufficient confidence in the relevant beliefs. This paper develops an axiomatic theory of decision in situations...

L’euroïsation unilatérale, de jure ou de facto, n’est pas exempte de risques potentiels pour la stabilité financière des pays concernés. Elle ne saurait remplacer l’adhésion à la zone euro qui exige le respect des critères d’entrée dans l’Union monétaire.

Pegged exchange rates are often pointed out as more prone to risk of overvaluation, because their real exchange rates have a tendency to appreciate. We check this assumption empirically over a large sample of emerging and developing countries, by using two databases for de facto classifications...

English Abstract: Latin notaries are more and more frequently defined as gatekeepers, due to their role in providing preventive legal control (in addition to certifying documents), a role that becomes increasingly important in modern legal systems.However, applying this american term loosely to...