This article offers a critical analysis of the many contributions on ‘tariff-growth paradox’ (or Bairoch paradox) since 1972. The publication in 2000 of O\'Rourke paper’s has reconsidered the debate on the linkages between trade policy and economic growth between 1870 and 1914. The...

This contribution reveals for the first time to our knowledge, the existence of a dispersion of tariffs of France by origin of goods between 1850 and 1913. If any part of this dispersion results from bias in the constitution of the classifications of General-Table of Trade of France, it...

L’article commence par estimer le niveau et les coûts de la protection en Europe. Le niveau moyen de protection (droits de douane et principales barrières non-tarifaires) est de 12 % environ (contre 14 % jusqu’en 1997) avec des pics élevés pour les produits agricoles et certains biens...

The study aims at examining the assumption of a “Barcelona agreement” effect on the convergence of Morocco economy. The concept of convergence will be approached according three logics: convergence of Morocco economy towards its own steady state; towards the others countries of the Agreement...

Industrial lobbying has long been important in West African countries to induce government import-substitution policy. The objectives of governments were to defend infant industries and mobilise fiscal revenue. The doctrine, at a moment conflicting between World Bank and IMF, stopped the...