The financialisation of strategies, as mentioned in the introduction, may be correlated with the dominant link between investment and funding. The principle of selection no longer seems to focus essentially on investment funding methods, but on investments themselves, according to a financial...

First part: Finance is built on a three-dimension risk: risk is measured, assessed, aggregated. If the economics of the crisis encourage reform and relaunch, it is also the sign of a crisis of economics. Two lessons can be drawn: avoid absurd risk -a fourth and often forgotten dimension of risk-...

It is a long time since the problem of the lack of direct universal suffrage for the French metropolitan areas with own taxes (MAOT) has been pointed out. Nevertheless, nothing has ever been done to change this current situation, in spite of a wide agreement in favor of direct universal suffrage...

This paper tries to examine what are the conditions of the diffusion of Corporate Social Responsibility in the first tier suppliers. These types of firms are specific because, if they are subcontractors, they are also big firms with a real capability to develop their own strategies. We discuss...

One of the features of the model of organization which is gradually set up in the aeronautical activity is, for the airframe manufacturers, the passage of a statute of “aeronautical manufacturer” to “of architect-integrator of aeronautical systems”. The emergence of this model is not...

Today, environment is the wine growing main “focusing problem” because it questions the dynamics of its activities. Evolutionism allows an appraisal of this dynamics in a specific perspective aiming the integration of environmental innovations into technological trajectories. Starting from...

This paper deals with the difficulties the digital local broadcasting is presently meeting to stand out. Through the study of the audio-visual field in Midi-Pyrénées, it shows that these ones are not only of commercial or technical kind, but are also linked to the lack of a true local...

The paper analyses how carmakers integrate the Southern America Cone into their worldwide strategies: As a local emerging market? As a source for production and exports towards industrialised countries? As a source for design and export to other emerging markets? The discussion about...

This paper determines which gravity models are the best adapted to the study of the trade evolution of several economic areas and the behaviors heterogeneity of the countries that belong to these areas (fixed effect model; random effect model). Applied to the countries of UE15, NAFTA, MERCOSUR,...

This paper analyzes the strategies of internationalization of the automotive First Tier Suppliers (FTS). The developments of the modular production in the car industry induce an evolution of the vertical relationships which explain, at the same time, the interest and the forms of the...