The continuous transformation the economy faces, requires the existence of an educated population, able to create and disseminate knowledge. Moreover, the governments dealing with a rapidly increasing number of students, in the conditions of limited resou

In this contribution, we study the organization and the funding mechanisms of higher education. We show that higher education is organized and funded very differently among OECD countries. We put forward the fact that this heterogeneity in its organization and funding corresponds to different...

En France, comme dans tous les autres pays industriels, les pouvoirs publics essaient d’accroître les relations entre universités et entreprises pour stimuler la créativité, l’innovation et la croissance économique. Mais la loi, à elle seule, est-elle un facteur suffisant pour impulser...

The Analysis puts the focus on links between EU-integration and globalization. The EU is active in the process of globalization, particularly through the EU single market and EU eastern enlargement. As regards major other impulses for economic globalization the focus is on technological progress...

Many pamphleteers in the 1900s-1920s and of short-sighted histories criticised French investments in Russia. They accused on the moment or retrospectively bankers and financiers of having involved savers’ cash (that of “France des petits” and middle classes) in the “adventure” of...

The research program about the history of investment banking gauged in this text the legacy of Jacques Laffitte, one of the initiators of modern investment banking in the years 1800-1840. It assesses the reality of his contributions and argues about their role within the process of modernisation...

The annexation of Savoy by France fuels the issue of the fate of Banque de Savoie, because Banque de France was reluctant to share its monopoly as bank of issue, which explains the absorption of its rival in 1865. A second issue was the creation of local banking tools, embedded in regional...

Depuis le déchaînement de la crise, l’organisation des transactions boursières n’a pas vraiment fait l’objet de velléités réformatrices. Pourtant, les opportunités spéculatives, comme les risques encourus dépendent aussi de l’organisation des marchés sur lesquels on opère. La...