The aim of this paper is to build and estimate a macroeconomic model of credit risk for the French manufacturing sector. This model is based on Wilson's CreditPortfolioView model (1997a, 1997b); it enables us to simulate loss distributions for a credit portfolio for several macroeconomic...

This paper presents a summary of the U.S. pension system. First, our goal is to explain how unfunded and funded pension schemes work. We also study how the economic and financial crisis has affected these different schemes. Moreover, we examine the official long-run forecasts of the evolution of...

In addition to the pensions delivered by the mandatory social security system, different schemes offer in France the option to purchase private life annuities. These individual annuities are provided by numerous and heterogeneous institutions that rely on more or less rigorous prudential rules...

Social Security provides insurance against idiosyncratic income risk but exposes workers to systematic risk because benefits are indexed to the evolution of aggregate earnings. I calibrate a life-cycle model to compare workers' certainty equivalent valuation of Social Security to its net present...

We develop a geographical-based vibrancy index using important location characteristics that measure local economic health. We show that local vibrancy is associated with future firm outcomes, including investment, leverage, profitability, and firm value. More vibrant firms are located in...

French Abstract: L’impact investing s’est progressivement développé en réponse à une prise de conscience collective engendrée par les mutations économiques et sociales qui ont marqué le XXème siècle. Le marché a encore du mal à se structurer, en partie en raison du flou qui règne...

L'emploi informel, défini par l'absence de protection sociale basée sur l'emploi, constitue la majeure partie de l'emploi dans les pays en développement, et entraîne un niveau de vulnérabilité à la pauvreté et à d'autres risques qui sont supportés par tous ceux qui dépendent des...

France has a track record of persistent general government deficits, partly reflecting pro-cyclical fiscal policies in upswings. This has resulted in a quadrupling of its public debt-to-GDP ratio since the 1970s to above 80% of GDP. Reducing public debt is crucial because a high level of public...