Already evoked in the years 1970 by American economists such as Sargen, the concept of country risk returned to the front of the economic scene following the financial crises of the years 1990.The concept of country risk is not new insofar as it is inherent in the swaps between two economic...

We develop a geographical-based vibrancy index using important location characteristics that measure local economic health. We show that local vibrancy is associated with future firm outcomes, including investment, leverage, profitability, and firm value. More vibrant firms are located in...