At the theoretical level, the establishment of a patent system has two objectives: to encourage firms to produce new knowledge and to disseminate information. However, economic practice has highlighted the dilemma between protection and dissemination. This paper discusses how to determine the...

The shadow economy exists in all countries (developed and developing). This sector, which in many countries escapes any measure, causes distortions in the formal economy. It is to reduce its effect on the economy that this study was initiated to identify its determinants and its size. For the...

Cet article est organisé de la façon suivante: dans un premier temps nous montrons que la référence à la notion de sélection de groupe n’est pas incohérente avec les autres éléments de la pensée hayékienne. Nous développons ensuite l’idée que les travaux récents en matière...

This study develops a hybrid model to integrate climate risks into Côte d'Ivoire’s economic policy, drawing on the work of economists like Keynes, Ostrom, Stiglitz, Sen, and Nordhaus. The model combines decentralized governance, climate risk externalities, and capacity building to address the...

The present paper puts forward a new economic circuit of value, which is a product of Marx’s “period of production” and Keynes’s determination order between investment and savings. It leads to a new definition of profit which excludes any remaining competition between savings and...

Following the high variability of floating exchange rates after the collapse of the Bretton-Wood System, policymakers have increasingly relied on weighted exchange rate indexes (nominal effective exchange rate index) or indexes of competitiveness (real effective exchange rate or...

This paper generalizes the Bollerslev and Zhang (2003) approach for the estimation of loadings of asset pricing models using "realized" measures and co-measures of risk. We propose here to extend this approach by including higher-moments in asset pricing models. Estimations are conducted using...

Ce document de travail présente les résultats de l’étude pilote menée au Burkina Faso au cours de l'année 2019 dans le cadre de l'élaboration du cadre de mesure statistique du « soutien public total au développement durable (TOSSD) ». L'étude pilote inclut la perspective des acteurs...

This paper aims at explaining observed distinct prices announced by a single supplier for an identical product, in an illegal framework. The modeling proposed here examines an augmented mark-up pricing equation for oligopolistic markets that includes a function of social discrimination. The...

After reviewing the ex ante appeal of Benford's law to detect fraud, the known limitations are introduced. Then, an example states that this statistical tool could not allow to make out the presence of accounting fraud for fashion good sales.